Treesitter - Neovim docs

Treesitter integration

Nvim integrates the tree-sitter library for incremental parsing of buffers: https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/

WARNING: Treesitter support is still experimental and subject to frequent changes. This documentation may also not fully reflect the latest changes.

PARSER FILES treesitter-parsers

Parsers are the heart of treesitter. They are libraries that treesitter will search for in the parser runtime directory. By default, Nvim bundles parsers for C, Lua, Vimscript, Vimdoc and Treesitter query files, but parsers can be installed via a plugin like https://github.com/nvim-treesitter/nvim-treesitter or even manually.

Parsers are searched for as parser/{lang}.* in any 'runtimepath' directory. If multiple parsers for the same language are found, the first one is used. (NOTE: This typically implies the priority "user config > plugins > bundled".) A parser can also be loaded manually using a full path:

vim.treesitter.language.add('python', { path = "/path/to/python.so" })

To associate certain filetypes with a treesitter language (name of parser), use vim.treesitter.language.register(). For example, to use the xml treesitter parser for buffers with filetype svg or xslt, use:

vim.treesitter.language.register('xml', { 'svg', 'xslt' })

TREESITTER TREES treesitter-tree

TSTree

A "treesitter tree" represents the parsed contents of a buffer, which can be used to perform further analysis. It is a userdata reference to an object held by the treesitter library.

An instance TSTree of a treesitter tree supports the following methods.

TSTree:root() TSTree:root() Return the root node of this tree.

TSTree:copy() TSTree:copy() Returns a copy of the TSTree.

TREESITTER NODES treesitter-node

TSNode

A "treesitter node" represents one specific element of the parsed contents of a buffer, which can be captured by aQuery for, e.g., highlighting. It is a userdata reference to an object held by the treesitter library.

An instance TSNode of a treesitter node supports the following methods.

TSNode:parent() TSNode:parent() Get the node's immediate parent.

TSNode:next_sibling() TSNode:next_sibling() Get the node's next sibling.

TSNode:prev_sibling() TSNode:prev_sibling() Get the node's previous sibling.

TSNode:next_named_sibling() TSNode:next_named_sibling() Get the node's next named sibling.

TSNode:prev_named_sibling() TSNode:prev_named_sibling() Get the node's previous named sibling.

TSNode:iter_children() TSNode:iter_children() Iterates over all the direct children of {TSNode}, regardless of whether they are named or not. Returns the child node plus the eventual field name corresponding to this child node.

TSNode:field({name}) TSNode:field() Returns a table of the nodes corresponding to the {name} field.

TSNode:child_count() TSNode:child_count() Get the node's number of children.

TSNode:child({index}) TSNode:child() Get the node's child at the given {index}, where zero represents the first child.

TSNode:named_child_count() TSNode:named_child_count() Get the node's number of named children.

TSNode:named_child({index}) TSNode:named_child() Get the node's named child at the given {index}, where zero represents the first named child.

TSNode:start() TSNode:start() Get the node's start position. Return three values: the row, column and total byte count (all zero-based).

TSNode:end_() TSNode:end_() Get the node's end position. Return three values: the row, column and total byte count (all zero-based).

TSNode:range({include_bytes}) TSNode:range() Get the range of the node.

Return four or six values:

start row

start column

start byte (if {include_bytes} is true)

end row

end column

end byte (if {include_bytes} is true)

TSNode:type() TSNode:type() Get the node's type as a string.

TSNode:symbol() TSNode:symbol() Get the node's type as a numerical id.

TSNode:named() TSNode:named() Check if the node is named. Named nodes correspond to named rules in the grammar, whereas anonymous nodes correspond to string literals in the grammar.

TSNode:missing() TSNode:missing() Check if the node is missing. Missing nodes are inserted by the parser in order to recover from certain kinds of syntax errors.

TSNode:extra() TSNode:extra() Check if the node is extra. Extra nodes represent things like comments, which are not required by the grammar but can appear anywhere.

TSNode:has_changes() TSNode:has_changes() Check if a syntax node has been edited.

TSNode:has_error() TSNode:has_error() Check if the node is a syntax error or contains any syntax errors.

TSNode:sexpr() TSNode:sexpr() Get an S-expression representing the node as a string.

TSNode:id() TSNode:id() Get a unique identifier for the node inside its own tree.

No guarantees are made about this identifier's internal representation, except for being a primitive Lua type with value equality (so not a table). Presently it is a (non-printable) string.

Note: The id is not guaranteed to be unique for nodes from different trees.

TSNode:tree() TSNode:tree() Get the TSTree of the node. TSNode:descendant_for_range() TSNode:descendant_for_range({start_row}, {start_col}, {end_row}, {end_col}) Get the smallest node within this node that spans the given range of (row, column) positions

TSNode:named_descendant_for_range() TSNode:named_descendant_for_range({start_row}, {start_col}, {end_row}, {end_col}) Get the smallest named node within this node that spans the given range of (row, column) positions TSNode:equal() TSNode:equal({node}) Check if {node} refers to the same node within the same tree.

TSNode:byte_length() TSNode:byte_length() Return the number of bytes spanned by this node.

TREESITTER QUERIES treesitter-query

Treesitter queries are a way to extract information about a parsed TSTree, e.g., for the purpose of highlighting. Briefly, a query consists of one or more patterns. A pattern is defined over node types in the syntax tree. A match corresponds to specific elements of the syntax tree which match a pattern. Patterns may optionally define captures and predicates. A capture allows you to associate names with a specific node in a pattern. A predicate adds arbitrary metadata and conditional data to a match.

Queries are written in a lisp-like language documented in https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/using-parsers#query-syntax Note: The predicates listed there page differ from those Nvim supports. See treesitter-predicates for a complete list of predicates supported by Nvim.

Nvim looks for queries as *.scm files in a queries directory under runtimepath, where each file contains queries for a specific language and purpose, e.g., queries/lua/highlights.scm for highlighting Lua files. By default, the first query on runtimepath is used (which usually implies that user config takes precedence over plugins, which take precedence over queries bundled with Nvim). If a query should extend other queries instead of replacing them, use treesitter-query-modeline-extends.

See lua-treesitter-query for the list of available methods for working with treesitter queries from Lua.

TREESITTER QUERY PREDICATES treesitter-predicates

Predicates are special scheme nodes that are evaluated to conditionally capture nodes. For example, the eq? predicate can be used as follows:

((identifier) @variable.builtin
  (#eq? @variable.builtin "self"))

to only match identifier corresponding to the "self" text. Such queries can be used to highlight built-in functions or variables differently, for instance.

The following predicates are built in:

eq? treesitter-predicate-eq? Match a string against the text corresponding to a node:

((identifier) @variable.builtin (#eq? @variable.builtin "self"))
((node1) @left (node2) @right (#eq? @left @right))

any-eq? treesitter-predicate-any-eq? Like eq?, but for quantified patterns only one captured node must match.

match? treesitter-predicate-match? vim-match? treesitter-predicate-vim-match? Match a regexp against the text corresponding to a node:

((identifier) @constant (#match? @constant "^[A-Z_]+$"))

Note: The ^ and $ anchors will match the start and end of the node's text.

any-match? treesitter-predicate-any-match? any-vim-match? treesitter-predicate-any-vim-match? Like match?, but for quantified patterns only one captured node must match.

lua-match? treesitter-predicate-lua-match? Match lua-patterns against the text corresponding to a node, similar to match?

any-lua-match? treesitter-predicate-any-lua-match? Like lua-match?, but for quantified patterns only one captured node must match.

contains? treesitter-predicate-contains? Match a string against parts of the text corresponding to a node:

((identifier) @foo (#contains? @foo "foo"))
((identifier) @foo-bar (#contains? @foo-bar "foo" "bar"))

any-contains? treesitter-predicate-any-contains? Like contains?, but for quantified patterns only one captured node must match.

any-of? treesitter-predicate-any-of? Match any of the given strings against the text corresponding to a node:

((identifier) @foo (#any-of? @foo "foo" "bar"))

This is the recommended way to check if the node matches one of many keywords, as it has been optimized for this.

has-ancestor? treesitter-predicate-has-ancestor? Match any of the given node types against all ancestors of a node:

((identifier) @variable.builtin
  (#any-of? @variable.builtin "begin" "end")
  (#has-ancestor? @variable.builtin range_expression))

has-parent? treesitter-predicate-has-parent? Match any of the given node types against the direct ancestor of a node:

(((field_expression
     (field_identifier) @method)) @_parent
 (#has-parent? @_parent template_method function_declarator))

lua-treesitter-not-predicate Each predicate has a not- prefixed predicate that is just the negation of the predicate.

lua-treesitter-all-predicate lua-treesitter-any-predicate Queries can use quantifiers to capture multiple nodes. When a capture contains multiple nodes, predicates match only if ALL nodes contained by the capture match the predicate. Some predicates (eq?, match?, lua-match?, contains?) accept an any- prefix to instead match if ANY of the nodes contained by the capture match the predicate.

As an example, consider the following Lua code:

-- TODO: This is a
-- very long
-- comment (just imagine it)

using the following predicated query:

(((comment)+ @comment)
 (#match? @comment "TODO"))

This query will not match because not all of the nodes captured by @comment match the predicate. Instead, use:

(((comment)+ @comment)
 (#any-match? @comment "TODO"))

Further predicates can be added via vim.treesitter.query.add_predicate(). Use vim.treesitter.query.list_predicates() to list all available predicates.

TREESITTER QUERY DIRECTIVES treesitter-directives

Treesitter directives store metadata for a node or match and perform side effects. For example, the set! directive sets metadata on the match or node:

((identifier) @foo (#set! "type" "parameter"))

The following directives are built in:

set! treesitter-directive-set! Sets key/value metadata for a specific match or capture. Value is accessible as either metadata[key] (match specific) or metadata[capture_id][key] (capture specific).

Parameters:

{capture_id} (optional) {key} {value}

Examples:

((identifier) @foo (#set! @foo "kind" "parameter"))
((node1) @left (node2) @right (#set! "type" "pair"))
((codeblock) @markup.raw.block (#set! "priority" 90))

offset! treesitter-directive-offset! Takes the range of the captured node and applies an offset. This will set a new Range4 object for the captured node with capture_id as metadata[capture_id].range. Useful for treesitter-language-injections.

Parameters:

{capture_id} {start_row} {start_col} {end_row} {end_col}

Example:

((identifier) @constant (#offset! @constant 0 1 0 -1))

gsub! treesitter-directive-gsub! Transforms the content of the node using a lua-pattern. This will set a new metadata[capture_id].text.

Parameters:

{capture_id} {pattern} {replacement}

Example:

(#gsub! @_node ".*%.(.*)" "%1")

trim! treesitter-directive-trim! Trim blank lines from the end of the node. This will set a new metadata[capture_id].range.

Parameters:

{capture_id}

Example:

(#trim! @fold)

Further directives can be added via vim.treesitter.query.add_directive(). Use vim.treesitter.query.list_directives() to list all available directives.

TREESITTER QUERY MODELINES treesitter-query-modeline

Nvim supports to customize the behavior of the queries using a set of "modelines", that is comments in the queries starting with ;. Here are the currently supported modeline alternatives:

inherits: {lang}... treesitter-query-modeline-inherits Specifies that this query should inherit the queries from {lang}. This will recursively descend in the queries of {lang} unless wrapped in parentheses: ({lang}). Note: This is meant to be used to include queries from another language. If you want your query to extend the queries of the same language, use extends.

extends treesitter-query-modeline-extends Specifies that this query should be used as an extension for the query, i.e. that it should be merged with the others. Note: The order of the extensions, and the query that will be used as a base depends on your 'runtimepath' value.

Note: These modeline comments must be at the top of the query, but can be repeated, for example, the following two modeline blocks are both valid:

;; inherits: typescript,jsx
;; extends

;; extends
;;
;; inherits: css

TREESITTER SYNTAX HIGHLIGHTING treesitter-highlight

Syntax highlighting is specified through queries named highlights.scm, which match a TSNode in the parsed TSTree to a capture that can be assigned a highlight group. For example, the query

(parameters (identifier) @variable.parameter)

matches any identifier node inside a function parameters node to the capture named @variable.parameter. For example, for a Lua code

function f(foo, bar) end

which will be parsed as (see :InspectTree):

(function_declaration ; [1:1 - 24]
  name: (identifier) ; [1:10 - 10]
  parameters: (parameters ; [1:11 - 20]
    name: (identifier) ; [1:12 - 14]
    name: (identifier))) ; [1:17 - 19]

the above query will highlight foo and bar as @variable.parameter.

It is also possible to match literal expressions (provided the parser returns them):

[
  "if"
  "else"
] @keyword.conditional

Assuming a suitable parser and highlights.scm query is found in runtimepath, treesitter highlighting for the current buffer can be enabled simply via vim.treesitter.start().

treesitter-highlight-groups The capture names, prefixed with @, are directly usable as highlight groups. For many commonly used captures, the corresponding highlight groups are linked to Nvim's standard highlight-groups by default (e.g., @comment links to Comment) but can be overridden in colorschemes.

A fallback system is implemented, so that more specific groups fallback to more generic ones. For instance, in a language that has separate doc comments (e.g., c, java, etc.), @comment.documentation could be used. If this group is not defined, the highlighting for an ordinary @comment is used. This way, existing color schemes already work out of the box, but it is possible to add more specific variants for queries that make them available.

As an additional rule, capture highlights can always be specialized by language, by appending the language name after an additional dot. For instance, to highlight comments differently per language:

hi @comment.c guifg=Blue
hi @comment.lua guifg=DarkBlue
hi link @comment.documentation.java String

The following is a list of standard captures used in queries for Nvim, highlighted according to the current colorscheme (use :Inspect on one to see the exact definition):

@variable various variable names @variable.builtin built-in variable names (e.g. this, self) @variable.parameter parameters of a function @variable.parameter.builtin special parameters (e.g. _, it) @variable.member object and struct fields

@constant constant identifiers @constant.builtin built-in constant values @constant.macro constants defined by the preprocessor

@module modules or namespaces @module.builtin built-in modules or namespaces @label GOTO and other labels (e.g. label: in C), including heredoc labels

@string string literals @string.documentation string documenting code (e.g. Python docstrings) @string.regexp regular expressions @string.escape escape sequences @string.special other special strings (e.g. dates) @string.special.symbol symbols or atoms @string.special.path filenames @string.special.url URIs (e.g. hyperlinks)

@character character literals @character.special special characters (e.g. wildcards)

@boolean boolean literals @number numeric literals @number.float floating-point number literals

@type type or class definitions and annotations @type.builtin built-in types @type.definition identifiers in type definitions (e.g. typedef <type> <identifier> in C)

@attribute attribute annotations (e.g. Python decorators, Rust lifetimes) @attribute.builtin builtin annotations (e.g. @property in Python) @property the key in key/value pairs

@function function definitions @function.builtin built-in functions @function.call function calls @function.macro preprocessor macros

@function.method method definitions @function.method.call method calls

@constructor constructor calls and definitions @operator symbolic operators (e.g. +, *)

@keyword keywords not fitting into specific categories @keyword.coroutine keywords related to coroutines (e.g. go in Go, async/await in Python) @keyword.function keywords that define a function (e.g. func in Go, def in Python) @keyword.operator operators that are English words (e.g. and, or) @keyword.import keywords for including modules (e.g. import, from in Python) @keyword.type keywords defining composite types (e.g. struct, enum) @keyword.modifier keywords defining type modifiers (e.g. const, static, public) @keyword.repeat keywords related to loops (e.g. for, while) @keyword.return keywords like return and yield @keyword.debug keywords related to debugging @keyword.exception keywords related to exceptions (e.g. throw, catch)

@keyword.conditional keywords related to conditionals (e.g. if, else) @keyword.conditional.ternary ternary operator (e.g. ?, :)

@keyword.directive various preprocessor directives and shebangs @keyword.directive.define preprocessor definition directives

@punctuation.delimiter delimiters (e.g. ;, ., ,) @punctuation.bracket brackets (e.g. (), {}, []) @punctuation.special special symbols (e.g. {} in string interpolation)

@comment line and block comments @comment.documentation comments documenting code

@comment.error error-type comments (e.g. ERROR, FIXME, DEPRECATED) @comment.warning warning-type comments (e.g. WARNING, FIX, HACK) @comment.todo todo-type comments (e.g. TODO, WIP) @comment.note note-type comments (e.g. NOTE, INFO, XXX)

@markup.strong bold text @markup.italic italic text @markup.strikethrough struck-through text @markup.underline underlined text (only for literal underline markup!)

@markup.heading headings, titles (including markers) @markup.heading.1 top-level heading @markup.heading.2 section heading @markup.heading.3 subsection heading @markup.heading.4 and so on @markup.heading.5 and so forth @markup.heading.6 six levels ought to be enough for anybody

@markup.quote block quotes @markup.math math environments (e.g. $ ... $ in LaTeX)

@markup.link text references, footnotes, citations, etc. @markup.link.label link, reference descriptions @markup.link.url URL-style links

@markup.raw literal or verbatim text (e.g. inline code) @markup.raw.block literal or verbatim text as a stand-alone block

@markup.list list markers @markup.list.checked checked todo-style list markers @markup.list.unchecked unchecked todo-style list markers

@diff.plus added text (for diff files) @diff.minus deleted text (for diff files) @diff.delta changed text (for diff files)

@tag XML-style tag names (e.g. in XML, HTML, etc.) @tag.builtin XML-style tag names (e.g. HTML5 tags) @tag.attribute XML-style tag attributes @tag.delimiter XML-style tag delimiters

treesitter-highlight-spell The special @spell capture can be used to indicate that a node should be spell checked by Nvim's builtin spell checker. For example, the following capture marks comments as to be checked:

(comment) @spell

There is also @nospell which disables spellchecking regions with @spell.

treesitter-highlight-conceal Treesitter highlighting supports conceal via the conceal metadata. By convention, nodes to be concealed are captured as @conceal, but any capture can be used. For example, the following query can be used to hide code block delimiters in Markdown:

(fenced_code_block_delimiter @conceal (#set! conceal ""))

It is also possible to replace a node with a single character, which (unlike legacy syntax) can be given a custom highlight. For example, the following (ill-advised) query replaces the != operator by a Unicode glyph, which is still highlighted the same as other operators:

"!=" @operator (#set! conceal "≠")

Conceals specified in this way respect 'conceallevel'.

treesitter-highlight-priority Treesitter uses nvim_buf_set_extmark() to set highlights with a default priority of 100. This enables plugins to set a highlighting priority lower or higher than treesitter. It is also possible to change the priority of an individual query pattern manually by setting its "priority" metadata attribute:

((super_important_node) @superimportant (#set! "priority" 105))

TREESITTER LANGUAGE INJECTIONS treesitter-language-injections

Note the following information is adapted from: https://tree-sitter.github.io/tree-sitter/syntax-highlighting#language-injection

Some source files contain code written in multiple different languages. Examples include:

HTML files, which can contain JavaScript inside of <script> tags and CSS inside of <style> tags

ERB files, which contain Ruby inside of <% %> tags, and HTML outside of those tags

PHP files, which can contain HTML between the <php tags

JavaScript files, which contain regular expression syntax within regex literals

Ruby, which can contain snippets of code inside of heredoc literals, where the heredoc delimiter often indicates the language

Lua, which can contain snippets of Vimscript inside vim.cmd() calls.

Vimscript, which can contain snippets of Lua inside :lua-heredoc blocks.

All of these examples can be modeled in terms of a parent syntax tree and one or more injected syntax trees, which reside inside of certain nodes in the parent tree. The language injection query allows you to specify these “injections” using the following captures:

@injection.content - indicates that the captured node should have its contents re-parsed using another language.

@injection.language - indicates that the captured node’s text may contain the name of a language that should be used to re-parse the @injection.content.

@injection.filename - indicates that the captured node’s text may contain a filename; the corresponding filetype is then looked-up up via vim.filetype.match() and treated as the name of a language that should be used to re-parse the @injection.content.

The language injection behavior can also be configured by some properties associated with patterns:

injection.language - can be used to hard-code the name of a specific language.

injection.combined - indicates that all of the matching nodes in the tree should have their content parsed as one nested document.

injection.include-children - indicates that the @injection.content node's entire text should be re-parsed, including the text of its child nodes. By default, child nodes' text will be excluded from the injected document.

injection.self - indicates that the node's text should be parsed with the same language as the node's LanguageTree.

injection.parent - indicates that the captured node’s text should be parsed with the same language as the node's parent LanguageTree.

VIM.TREESITTER lua-treesitter

The remainder of this document is a reference manual for the vim.treesitter Lua module, which is the main interface for Nvim's treesitter integration. Most of the following content is automatically generated from the function documentation.

vim.treesitter.language_version The latest parser ABI version that is supported by the bundled treesitter library.

vim.treesitter.minimum_language_version The earliest parser ABI version that is supported by the bundled treesitter library.

Lua module: vim.treesitter lua-treesitter-core

foldexpr({lnum}) vim.treesitter.foldexpr() Returns the fold level for {lnum} in the current buffer. Can be set directly to 'foldexpr':

vim.wo.foldexpr = 'v:lua.vim.treesitter.foldexpr()'

Parameters:

{lnum} (integer?) Line number to calculate fold level for

Return:

(string)

vim.treesitter.get_captures_at_cursor() get_captures_at_cursor({winnr}) Returns a list of highlight capture names under the cursor

Parameters:

{winnr} (integer?) Window handle or 0 for current window (default)

Return:

(string[]) List of capture names

vim.treesitter.get_captures_at_pos() get_captures_at_pos({bufnr}, {row}, {col}) Returns a list of highlight captures at the given position

Each capture is represented by a table containing the capture name as a string as well as a table of metadata (priority, conceal, ...; empty if none are defined).

Parameters:

{bufnr} (integer) Buffer number (0 for current buffer)

{row} (integer) Position row

{col} (integer) Position column

Return:

(table[]) List of captures { capture = "name", metadata = { ... } }

get_node({opts}) vim.treesitter.get_node() Returns the smallest named node at the given position

NOTE: Calling this on an unparsed tree can yield an invalid node. If the tree is not known to be parsed by, e.g., an active highlighter, parse the tree first via

vim.treesitter.get_parser(bufnr):parse(range)

Parameters:

{opts} (table?) Optional keyword arguments:

{bufnr} (integer?) Buffer number (nil or 0 for current buffer)

{pos} ({ [1]: integer, [2]: integer }?) 0-indexed (row, col) tuple. Defaults to cursor position in the current window. Required if {bufnr} is not the current buffer

{lang} (string?) Parser language. (default: from buffer filetype)

{ignore_injections} (boolean?) Ignore injected languages (default true)

Return:

(TSNode?) Node at the given position

get_node_range({node_or_range}) vim.treesitter.get_node_range() Returns the node's range or an unpacked range table

Parameters:

{node_or_range} (TSNode|table) Node or table of positions

Return (multiple):

(integer) start_row (integer) start_col (integer) end_row (integer) end_col

vim.treesitter.get_node_text() get_node_text({node}, {source}, {opts}) Gets the text corresponding to a given node

Parameters:

{node} (TSNode)

{source} (integer|string) Buffer or string from which the {node} is extracted

{opts} (table?) Optional parameters.

metadata (table) Metadata of a specific capture. This would be set to metadata[capture_id] when using vim.treesitter.query.add_directive().

Return:

(string)

get_parser({bufnr}, {lang}, {opts}) vim.treesitter.get_parser() Returns the parser for a specific buffer and attaches it to the buffer

If needed, this will create the parser.

Parameters:

{bufnr} (integer?) Buffer the parser should be tied to (default: current buffer)

{lang} (string?) Language of this parser (default: from buffer filetype)

{opts} (table?) Options to pass to the created language tree

Return:

(vim.treesitter.LanguageTree) object to use for parsing

get_range({node}, {source}, {metadata}) vim.treesitter.get_range() Get the range of a TSNode. Can also supply {source} and {metadata} to get the range with directives applied.

Parameters:

{node} (TSNode)

{source} (integer|string?) Buffer or string from which the {node} is extracted

{metadata} (vim.treesitter.query.TSMetadata?)

Return:

(Range6)

vim.treesitter.get_string_parser() get_string_parser({str}, {lang}, {opts}) Returns a string parser

Parameters:

{str} (string) Text to parse

{lang} (string) Language of this string

{opts} (table?) Options to pass to the created language tree

Return:

(vim.treesitter.LanguageTree) object to use for parsing

inspect_tree({opts}) vim.treesitter.inspect_tree() Open a window that displays a textual representation of the nodes in the language tree.

While in the window, press "a" to toggle display of anonymous nodes, "I" to toggle the display of the source language of each node, "o" to toggle the query editor, and press <Enter> to jump to the node under the cursor in the source buffer. Folding also works (try zo, zc, etc.).

Can also be shown with :InspectTree. :InspectTree

Parameters:

{opts} (table?) Optional options table with the following possible keys:

lang (string|nil): The language of the source buffer. If omitted, detect from the filetype of the source buffer.

bufnr (integer|nil): Buffer to draw the tree into. If omitted, a new buffer is created.

winid (integer|nil): Window id to display the tree buffer in. If omitted, a new window is created with {command}.

command (string|nil): Vimscript command to create the window. Default value is "60vnew". Only used when {winid} is nil.

title (string|fun(bufnr:integer):string|nil): Title of the window. If a function, it accepts the buffer number of the source buffer as its only argument and should return a string.

is_ancestor({dest}, {source}) vim.treesitter.is_ancestor() Determines whether a node is the ancestor of another

Parameters:

{dest} (TSNode) Possible ancestor

{source} (TSNode) Possible descendant

Return:

(boolean) True if {dest} is an ancestor of {source}

vim.treesitter.is_in_node_range() is_in_node_range({node}, {line}, {col}) Determines whether (line, col) position is in node range

Parameters:

{node} (TSNode) defining the range

{line} (integer) Line (0-based)

{col} (integer) Column (0-based)

Return:

(boolean) True if the position is in node range

node_contains({node}, {range}) vim.treesitter.node_contains() Determines if a node contains a range

Parameters:

{node} (TSNode)

{range} (table)

Return:

(boolean) True if the {node} contains the {range}

start({bufnr}, {lang}) vim.treesitter.start() Starts treesitter highlighting for a buffer

Can be used in an ftplugin or FileType autocommand.

Note: By default, disables regex syntax highlighting, which may be required for some plugins. In this case, add vim.bo.syntax = 'on' after the call to start.

Example:

vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd( 'FileType', { pattern = 'tex',
    callback = function(args)
        vim.treesitter.start(args.buf, 'latex')
        vim.bo[args.buf].syntax = 'on'  -- only if additional legacy syntax is needed
    end
})

Parameters:

{bufnr} (integer?) Buffer to be highlighted (default: current buffer)

{lang} (string?) Language of the parser (default: from buffer filetype)

stop({bufnr}) vim.treesitter.stop() Stops treesitter highlighting for a buffer

Parameters:

{bufnr} (integer?) Buffer to stop highlighting (default: current buffer)

Lua module: vim.treesitter.language lua-treesitter-language

add({lang}, {opts}) vim.treesitter.language.add() Load parser with name {lang}

Parsers are searched in the parser runtime directory, or the provided {path}

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Name of the parser (alphanumerical and _ only)

{opts} (table?) Options:

{filetype} (string|string[], default: {lang}) Default filetype the parser should be associated with.

{path} (string) Optional path the parser is located at

{symbol_name} (string) Internal symbol name for the language to load

get_filetypes({lang}) vim.treesitter.language.get_filetypes() Get the filetypes associated with the parser named {lang}.

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Name of parser

Return:

(string[]) filetypes

get_lang({filetype}) vim.treesitter.language.get_lang()

Parameters:

{filetype} (string)

Return:

(string?)

inspect({lang}) vim.treesitter.language.inspect() Inspects the provided language.

Inspecting provides some useful information on the language like node names, ...

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Language

Return:

(table)

register({lang}, {filetype}) vim.treesitter.language.register() Register a parser named {lang} to be used for {filetype}(s).

Note: this adds or overrides the mapping for {filetype}, any existing mappings from other filetypes to {lang} will be preserved.

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Name of parser

{filetype} (string|string[]) Filetype(s) to associate with lang

Lua module: vim.treesitter.query lua-treesitter-query

vim.treesitter.query.add_directive() add_directive({name}, {handler}, {opts}) Adds a new directive to be used in queries

Handlers can set match level data by setting directly on the metadata object metadata.key = value. Additionally, handlers can set node level data by using the capture id on the metadata table metadata[capture_id].key = value

Parameters:

{name} (string) Name of the directive, without leading #

{handler} (fun(match: table<integer,TSNode[]>, pattern: integer, source: integer|string, predicate: any[], metadata: table))

match: A table mapping capture IDs to a list of captured nodes

pattern: the index of the matching pattern in the query file

predicate: list of strings containing the full directive being called, e.g. (node (#set! conceal "-")) would get the predicate { "#set!", "conceal", "-" }

{opts} (table) A table with the following fields:

{force} (boolean) Override an existing predicate of the same name

{all} (boolean) Use the correct implementation of the match table where capture IDs map to a list of nodes instead of a single node. Defaults to false (for backward compatibility). This option will eventually become the default and removed.

vim.treesitter.query.add_predicate() add_predicate({name}, {handler}, {opts}) Adds a new predicate to be used in queries

Parameters:

{name} (string) Name of the predicate, without leading #

{handler} (fun(match: table<integer,TSNode[]>, pattern: integer, source: integer|string, predicate: any[], metadata: table))

see vim.treesitter.query.add_directive() for argument meanings

{opts} (table) A table with the following fields:

{force} (boolean) Override an existing predicate of the same name

{all} (boolean) Use the correct implementation of the match table where capture IDs map to a list of nodes instead of a single node. Defaults to false (for backward compatibility). This option will eventually become the default and removed.

edit({lang}) vim.treesitter.query.edit() Opens a live editor to query the buffer you started from.

Can also be shown with :EditQuery.

If you move the cursor to a capture name ("@foo"), text matching the capture is highlighted in the source buffer. The query editor is a scratch buffer, use :write to save it. You can find example queries at $VIMRUNTIME/queries/.

Parameters:

{lang} (string?) language to open the query editor for. If omitted, inferred from the current buffer's filetype.

get({lang}, {query_name}) vim.treesitter.query.get() Returns the runtime query {query_name} for {lang}.

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Language to use for the query

{query_name} (string) Name of the query (e.g. "highlights")

Return:

(vim.treesitter.Query?) Parsed query. nil if no query files are found.

vim.treesitter.query.get_files() get_files({lang}, {query_name}, {is_included}) Gets the list of files used to make up a query

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Language to get query for

{query_name} (string) Name of the query to load (e.g., "highlights")

{is_included} (boolean?) Internal parameter, most of the time left as nil

Return:

(string[]) query_files List of files to load for given query and language

lint({buf}, {opts}) vim.treesitter.query.lint() Lint treesitter queries using installed parser, or clear lint errors.

Use treesitter-parsers in runtimepath to check the query file in {buf} for errors:

verify that used nodes are valid identifiers in the grammar.

verify that predicates and directives are valid.

verify that top-level s-expressions are valid.

The found diagnostics are reported using diagnostic-api. By default, the parser used for verification is determined by the containing folder of the query file, e.g., if the path ends in /lua/highlights.scm, the parser for the lua language will be used.

Parameters:

{buf} (integer) Buffer handle

{opts} (table?) Optional keyword arguments:

{langs} (string|string[]) Language(s) to use for checking the query. If multiple languages are specified, queries are validated for all of them

{clear} (boolean) Just clear current lint errors

list_directives() vim.treesitter.query.list_directives() Lists the currently available directives to use in queries.

Return:

(string[]) Supported directives.

list_predicates() vim.treesitter.query.list_predicates() Lists the currently available predicates to use in queries.

Return:

(string[]) Supported predicates.

omnifunc({findstart}, {base}) vim.treesitter.query.omnifunc() Omnifunc for completing node names and predicates in treesitter queries.

Use via

vim.bo.omnifunc = 'v:lua.vim.treesitter.query.omnifunc'

Parameters:

{findstart} (0|1)

{base} (string)

parse({lang}, {query}) vim.treesitter.query.parse() Parse {query} as a string. (If the query is in a file, the caller should read the contents into a string before calling).

Returns a Query (see lua-treesitter-query) object which can be used to search nodes in the syntax tree for the patterns defined in {query} using the iter_captures and iter_matches methods.

Exposes info and captures with additional context about {query}.

captures contains the list of unique capture names defined in {query}.

info.captures also points to captures.

info.patterns contains information about predicates.

Parameters:

{lang} (string) Language to use for the query

{query} (string) Query in s-expr syntax

Return:

(vim.treesitter.Query) Parsed query

Lua module: vim.treesitter.languagetree lua-treesitter-languagetree

A LanguageTree contains a tree of parsers: the root treesitter parser for {lang} and any "injected" language parsers, which themselves may inject other languages, recursively. For example a Lua buffer containing some Vimscript commands needs multiple parsers to fully understand its contents.

To create a LanguageTree (parser object) for a given buffer and language, use:

local parser = vim.treesitter.get_parser(bufnr, lang)

(where bufnr=0 means current buffer). lang defaults to 'filetype'.Note: currently the parser is retained for the lifetime of a buffer but this may change; a plugin should keep a reference to the parser object if it wants incremental updates.

Whenever you need to access the current syntax tree, parse the buffer:

local tree = parser:parse({ start_row, end_row })

This returns a table of immutable treesitter-tree objects representing the current state of the buffer. When the plugin wants to access the state after a (possible) edit it must call parse() again. If the buffer wasn't edited, the same tree will be returned again without extra work. If the buffer was parsed before, incremental parsing will be done of the changed parts.

Note: To use the parser directly inside a nvim_buf_attach() Lua callback, you must call vim.treesitter.get_parser() before you register your callback. But preferably parsing shouldn't be done directly in the change callback anyway as they will be very frequent. Rather a plugin that does any kind of analysis on a tree should use a timer to throttle too frequent updates.

LanguageTree:children() LanguageTree:children() Returns a map of language to child tree.

LanguageTree:contains({range}) LanguageTree:contains() Determines whether {range} is contained in the LanguageTree.

Parameters:

{range} (Range4) { start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col }

Return:

(boolean)

LanguageTree:destroy() LanguageTree:destroy() Destroys this LanguageTree and all its children.

Any cleanup logic should be performed here.

Note: This DOES NOT remove this tree from a parent. Instead, remove_child must be called on the parent to remove it.

LanguageTree:for_each_tree({fn}) LanguageTree:for_each_tree() Invokes the callback for each LanguageTree recursively.

Note: This includes the invoking tree's child trees as well.

Parameters:

{fn} (fun(tree: TSTree, ltree: vim.treesitter.LanguageTree))

LanguageTree:included_regions() LanguageTree:included_regions() Gets the set of included regions managed by this LanguageTree. This can be different from the regions set by injection query, because a partial LanguageTree:parse() drops the regions outside the requested range.

Return:

(table<integer, Range6[]>)

LanguageTree:invalidate({reload}) LanguageTree:invalidate() Invalidates this parser and all its children

Parameters:

{reload} (boolean?)

LanguageTree:is_valid({exclude_children}) LanguageTree:is_valid() Returns whether this LanguageTree is valid, i.e., LanguageTree:trees() reflects the latest state of the source. If invalid, user should call LanguageTree:parse().

Parameters:

{exclude_children} (boolean?) whether to ignore the validity of children (default false)

Return:

(boolean)

LanguageTree:lang() LanguageTree:lang() Gets the language of this tree node.

LanguageTree:language_for_range() LanguageTree:language_for_range({range}) Gets the appropriate language that contains {range}.

Parameters:

{range} (Range4) { start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col }

Return:

(vim.treesitter.LanguageTree) tree Managing {range}

LanguageTree:named_node_for_range() LanguageTree:named_node_for_range({range}, {opts}) Gets the smallest named node that contains {range}.

Parameters:

{range} (Range4) { start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col }

{opts} (table?) A table with the following fields:

{ignore_injections} (boolean, default: true) Ignore injected languages

Return:

(TSNode?)

LanguageTree:parse({range}) LanguageTree:parse() Recursively parse all regions in the language tree using treesitter-parsers for the corresponding languages and run injection queries on the parsed trees to determine whether child trees should be created and parsed.

Any region with empty range ({}, typically only the root tree) is always parsed; otherwise (typically injections) only if it intersects {range} (or if {range} is true).

Parameters:

{range} (boolean|Range?) Parse this range in the parser's source. Set to true to run a complete parse of the source (Note: Can be slow!) Set to false|nil to only parse regions with empty ranges (typically only the root tree without injections).

Return:

(table<integer, TSTree>)

LanguageTree:register_cbs() LanguageTree:register_cbs({cbs}, {recursive}) Registers callbacks for the LanguageTree.

Parameters:

{cbs} (table<TSCallbackNameOn,function>) An nvim_buf_attach()-like table argument with the following handlers:

on_bytes : see nvim_buf_attach(), but this will be called after the parsers callback.

on_changedtree : a callback that will be called every time the tree has syntactical changes. It will be passed two arguments: a table of the ranges (as node ranges) that changed and the changed tree.

on_child_added : emitted when a child is added to the tree.

on_child_removed : emitted when a child is removed from the tree.

on_detach : emitted when the buffer is detached, see nvim_buf_detach_event. Takes one argument, the number of the buffer.

{recursive} (boolean?) Apply callbacks recursively for all children. Any new children will also inherit the callbacks.

LanguageTree:source() LanguageTree:source() Returns the source content of the language tree (bufnr or string).

LanguageTree:tree_for_range() LanguageTree:tree_for_range({range}, {opts}) Gets the tree that contains {range}.

Parameters:

{range} (Range4) { start_line, start_col, end_line, end_col }

{opts} (table?) A table with the following fields:

{ignore_injections} (boolean, default: true) Ignore injected languages

Return:

(TSTree?)

LanguageTree:trees() LanguageTree:trees() Returns all trees of the regions parsed by this parser. Does not include child languages. The result is list-like if

this LanguageTree is the root, in which case the result is empty or a singleton list; or

the root LanguageTree is fully parsed.

Return:

(table<integer, TSTree>)